What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





Audiolab 8000M Mono Power Amplifier

The Audiolab 8000M Monobloc Power Amplifier delivers truly refined sound with real power and drive. It copes naturally with the most delicate nuances through to the full power of a symphony orchestra or rock-band. Many of today's loudspeakers are designed to be bi-wired, that also means they can be operated with a separate power amplifier connected to each speaker section e.g. HF and LF. With over 125 watts output this compact and versatile design is ideal for any system requiring two, four or even more power amplifiers.

Each 8000M has two sets of speaker output terminals for bi-wiring.

Parallet in-out phono connectors make it easy to connect several pairs of 8000M's in either a dedicated audio system or a top-line multi-amp AV system. A comprehensive user manual includes full instructions for the connection of bi-wired and tri-wired speakers.

Features:

125 watt monobloc power amplifier

Two sets heavy duty speaker terminals

Line level in-out phono connectors

Compact design with high efficiency heatsink

DC servo feedback

Specification

Power Output: 125 Watts per channel into 8 ohm

Input Impedance: 47 Kohm

Gain: 29 dB (at 1 kHz)

Signal To Noise: >96 dB

Frequency response: 20 Hz - 20 kHz (± 0.3dB)

Total Harmonic Distortion: <0.05%

Dimensions (WxHxD): 445 x 74 x 337 mm

Audiolab 8000P Power amplifier

Audiolab 8000P

Stereo Power Amplifier

The Audiolab 8000P Stereo Power Amplifier delivers over 100 watts per channel. peak output current of over 40 amps and exceptionally low distortion guarantees perfect operation with all types of loudspeakers and cables. aTwo sets of heavy duty speaker terminals allow for connection of bi-wired speakers. Input loud sockets make it easy to connect additional power amplifiers for bi-amplified systems. The dual-mono configuration of the 8000P ensures exceptional isolation between channels.

If you already own an Audiolab 8000A Integrated Amplifier you can upgrade by adding the 8000P.


Specifications :

Rated output power: 100 W per channel into rated load impedance (8 ohm), 150 W into 4 ohm

Typical output power: 120 W per channel into rated load impedance (8 ohm), 180 W into 4 ohm

Input for full rated power: 1.0 V rms

Input impedance: 47 kohm nominal

Gain: 29.0 dB at 1 kHz

Signal to noise: Greater than 95 dB (relative to 0 dBW)

Frequency response: (-3 dB) 0.1 Hz - 75 kHz

Frequency response: (±0.3dB) 20 Hz - 20 kHz

Total harmonic distortion & noise: Less than 0.05%

Dimensions (W x D x H): 445 x 337 x 74 mm

Weight: 9 kg

Audiolab 8000C Pre-amplifier

The Audiolab 8000C pre-amplifier is a highly versatile control pre-amplifier..It offers the flexibility of tone controls, built in class A headphone amplifier and loe output impedence line amplifier. It has inputs for CD, phono, tuner, video, tape 1 and tape 2. The phono inputs match all types of modern Moving Coil and Moving Magnes cartridges. The low output impedance line amplifier is a miniature class A power amplifier with current mirror bias. Perfect for long cables and multiple power amplifiers That is especially important if you want to place your power amplifiers (e.g. 8000M's) close to the loudspeakers.

Specifications :

Input Sensitivity and Impedance: Phono MM 2.0 mV/100 ohm/85 pF,

Phono MC 110 µV/100 ohm/13.3 nF,

CD, Video, Tuner, Tape 1 & 2: 100 mV/20 k ohm

Phono Overload (IHF): Phono MM 30dB rel 5.0mV, maximum input 175mv

Phono MC 25dB rel 0.5mV, maximum input (1kHz) 10mv @1kHz

Signal to Noise(IHFA rel 0.5v output): Phono MM 81dB, Phono MC 77dB, Video / Tuner / Tape 1 & 2 92dB

Frequency Response: Phono MM and Phono MC (RIAA) 20Hz to 20kHz ± 0.5dB

Tone Control Range: Bass: ± 6dB at 20Hz, Treble: ± 6DB @20kHz

Total Harmonic Distorion & Noise: Less than 0.01% any frequency 20Hz to 20 kHz

Channel Balance: Within 1dB

Channel Separation: Better than 60dB @ 1kHz

Polarity (Phase): Non inverting for all inputs

Pre Amp Output: OUTPUT 1 and OUTPUT 2. Level 707 mV.

Output impedance 100 ohm. Maximum output >7.76 V RMS.

Headphone Output: Maximum output 7.76 V RMS. Output impedance 100 ohm.

Suitable for headphones 8 ohm to 2 kohm impedance.

Headphones operate when OUTPUT is switched OFF.

Record Output: TAPE 1, TAPE 2, VIDEO 100 mV.

Output impedance: 1000 ohm, 1600 ohm with phono source.

Output: Switches pre-amp outputs off.

Attenuation is >60 dB. Muting is controlled automatically.

Operating Temperature Range: 10 ~ 30° C

Dimensions (w x d x h): 445 x 330 x 75 mm

Weight: 6 kg

Technics SL-PS 700

Features SL-PS 700

MASH 1-bit 4-DAC system achieves small signal fidelity for full musical detail.

Digital Servo System helps Improve playability.

Silent Loading Machanism. The swing arm drive system asures smooth, ultra quiet operation.

Center disc tray design and full anti-resonance construction.

Optical digital output terminal.

Function Management System. Your can assing any of the 17 functions to keys F1 through F5.

CD editing functions: Edit Guide, Just Time Edit, Time Fade, Synchro Editing, Peak Level Search, Disc Link and Auto Space.

Wireless remote control with 20-key direct access.

Multi function FL display with music matrix.


MASH multi-stage noise shaping

Technics' Innovative MASH 1-bit Digital-to-Analog Conventer.

To achieve ideal digital-to-analog conversion, Technics develloped the MASH 1-bit DAC. An improvement on conventional DAC's this advanced system uses high-order oversampling technology and noise shaping technology to theoretically eliminate non-linear distortion, thereby assuring accurate reproduction of minute signals.

All of Technics Cd players feature the MASH 1-bit DAC, and it is now the most widely used digital-to-analog conventer. 1-bit DAC is the general term for D/A conventers that output only two kinds of voltage, high and low . Because there are only two output voltages, even if there are changes in output voltage due to temperature changes and changes over time, DAC linearity is maintained. After the noise shaping circuitry stage, Technics employs superior PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) circuitry to achieve optimum 1-bit DAC performance.

Model: SL-PS 700

Year: 1991-1992

Frequency Response: 2 - 20,000 Hz, +0.3

S/N Ratio: 114 dB

Total Harmonic Distortion: 0,0028 dB at 1 kHz

Output voltage: 2,0 V at 0 dB

Channel separation: 110 dB

Wow and flutter: Below measurable limit

Output impedance: Approx. 1 kohm

Load Impedance: More than 10 kohm

Headphone output level: 15 mW max. 32 Ohms

Line Direct Level: Fixed

Pickupwavelenght: 780 nm

Decoding System Number of Bits - Oversamplng Rate: 1 - 4

Elapsed Time Display: From Start, From Track Start, Both

Remaining Time Display: To Disc End, To Track End, Both

Number of Programmable Selections: 20

Repeat Functions: Entire Disc, Track, A-B Phrase, Entire Program

Power consumption: 16 W

Power supply: 110 V,127 V, 220 - 240 V, 50/60 Hz

Dimensions: 430 x 130 x 333 mm (W x H x D)

Net Weight: 5,6 kg (12,3 lbs )

Technics SL-PS 900

Features SL-PS 900

MASH 1-bit 8-DAC system achieves small signal fidelity for full musical detail.

Digital Servo System helps Improve playability.

Silent Loading Machanism. The swing arm drive system asures smooth, ultra quiet operation.

Independent power supply transformers for analog/digital sections.

Center disc tray design and full anti-resonance construction.

Optical digital output terminal.

Function Management System. Your can assing any of the 17 functions to keys F1 through F5.

CD editing functions: Edit Guide, Just Time Edit, Time Fade, Synchro Editing, Peak Level Search, Disc Link and Auto Space.

Wireless remote control with 20-key direct access.

Multi function FL display with music matrix.

Timer play function (play/off/random).


MASH multi-stage noise shaping

Technics' Innovative MASH 1-bit Digital-to-Analog Conventer.

To achieve ideal digital-to-analog conversion, Technics develloped the MASH 1-bit DAC. An improvement on conventional DAC's this advanced system uses high-order oversampling technology and noise shaping technology to theoretically eliminate non-linear distortion, thereby assuring accurate reproduction of minute signals.

All of Technics Cd players feature the MASH 1-bit DAC, and it is now the most widely used digital-to-analog conventer. 1-bit DAC is the general term for D/A conventers that output only two kinds of voltage, high and low . Because there are only two output voltages, even if there are changes in output voltage due to temperature changes and changes over time, DAC linearity is maintained. After the noise shaping circuitry stage, Technics employs superior PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) circuitry to achieve optimum 1-bit DAC performance.

SPECIFICATIONS

Model: SL-PS 900

Year: 1991-1992

Frequency Response: 2 - 20,000 Hz, +0.3

Dynamic range: 99 dB

S/N Ratio: 118 dB

Total Harmonic Distortion: 0,0022 dB at 1 kHz

Output voltage: 2,3 V at 0 dB

Wow and flutter: Below measurable limit

Output impedance: Approx. 1 kohm

Load Impedance: More than 10 kohm

Headphone output level: 15 mW max. 32 Ohms

Line Direct Level: Fixed

Pickupwavelenght: 780 nm

Decoding System Number of Bits - Oversamplng Rate: 1 - 4

Elapsed Time Display: From Start, From Track Start, Both

Remaining Time Display: To Disc End, To Track End, Both

Number of Programmable Selections: 20

Repeat Functions: Entire Disc, Track, A-B Phrase, Entire Program

Power consumption: 18 W

Power supply: 110 V,127 V, 220 - 240 V, 50/60 Hz

Dimensions: 430 x 130 x 333 mm (W x H x D)

Net Weight: 6,2 kg (15,0 lbs)

TAD CR-1


With the flagship TAD Reference One TAD gained the whole-hearted trust and respect of many of the world’s top artists and recording engineers. As the ultimate realization of the point-source sound concept, it was created by merging advanced technologies with our decades of engineering experience. Now we have reached a new zenith with the TAD Compact Reference, which takes advantage of all of the top-level technologies that went into the flagship model.
Our objective was to achieve, in a compact size, point-source sound of such high quality that listeners will forget about the existence of the speaker. Its extraordinary sound will surely exceed your expectations.
"The CR-1 is the stand-mount sibling to the $70,000 320-pound TAD Reference One. Smaller yes, but it takes a dry sense of humor to characterize the CR-1 as a compact. At a thick 25" tall (it looks taller) and weighing in at hernia-threatening 100 pounds (it feels heavier), the CR-1 is anything but the kind of compact suitable for a meter bridge in a home recording studio. Rather its resemblance—both external and internal—to the Ref One is so complete that, except for the stands, it appears almost like an optical illusion of the flagship."


The refined CST Driver achieves wide-range reproduction and superior directivity control.
The CST (Coherent Source Transducer) is an advanced coaxial speaker designed to control the drive unit’s response and directivity over a wide frequency range. A design based on detailed simulations gives the midrange cone superior acoustic characteristics.
The concentric configuration controls the directivity of the tweeter to match the midrange. This unifies the acoustic center of the tweeter and midrange, reconciling response and directional characteristics through the crossover range. The resulting ultra wide range reproduction from 250Hz to 100kHz is accompanied by a consistent directivity pattern that results in extremely clear and stable imaging over a wide frequency range, for incredibly natural sounding reproduction.


The beryllium diaphragm: using TAD’s vapor deposition technique achieves the ideal characteristics.
The tweeter dome and midrange cone are constructed of beryllium, whose light weight and rigid properties make it perfectly suited for mid and high frequency sound reproduction. The vapor deposition technique developed by TAD and refined over three decades provides strength, uniformity and damping to achieve a new level of quality in a diaphragm. The shape of the tweeter is optimized through a computer analysis process known as HSDOM (Harmonized Synthetic Diaphragm Optimum Method), ensuring control of differential vibration and response to as high as 100kHz. The design of the midrange cone was derived from boundary and finite-element analysis to be the ideal partner for the tweeter and provide sound that is astonishingly transparent, direct and precise across a wide frequency range.


ISO drive technology draws out the full potential of the CST Driver.
In order to maximize the performance of the CST Driver and preserve accurate sound reproduction, TAD’s ISO (isolation) technology includes a mechanism to prevent driver unit vibration from entering the enclosure by structurally separating the CST Driver from the enclosure. Thanks to this unique construction the CST driver is isolated from powerful low frequency vibrations and its considerable drive capability is
prevented from exciting the enclosure. This reduces the radiation of secondary sound allowing for minute details in the sound to be precisely delivered.



Low loss, high linearity and a powerful motor system.
The 20cm (8.0 in.) bass driver reproduces waveforms with consistent accuracy.
The bass driver was designed to achieve total linearity of the magnetic circuit, diaphragm and suspension. The magnetic circuit features our unique short voice coil OFGMS (Optimized Field Geometry Magnet Structure). With a long gap of 20mm (0.8 in.), it linearizes the magnetic flux density along the gap. This stabilizes drive performance from small to large amplitudes, achieving high linearity and consistently accurate waveform reproduction. The TLCC (Tri-Laminate Composite Cone) aramid diaphragm has a triple-laminated construction that provides near ideal physical properties. It delivers rich and clear low-bass with a mid-bass free of coloration. The suspension system employs TAD’s traditional corrugated edge, further contributing to the high linearity.


SILENT cabinet combines extreme strength with gracefully flowing elegance.

The SILENT (Structurally Inert Laminated Enclosure Technology) cabinet, inherited from the TAD Reference One, is a compact 63cm (25 in.) in height. It has a strong internal framework formed by 21mm (0.9 in.) thick CNC machined birch plywood clad with high frequency hot press formed laminated MDF panels, resulting in extremely high strength. The 27.5mm (1.1 in.) thick aluminum base lowers the center of gravity and stabilizes the cabinet against the forces generated by the powerful bass driver motor system. Combining differing materials in this way both distributes and minimizes the enclosure resonances and achieves high vibration control. Its flowing teardrop shape minimizes sound diffraction and unwanted resonance from internal standing waves.
With a beautiful piano-like finish of natural Pommele Sapele wood, the cabinet imparts an air of elegant craftsmanship.


Aerodynamic port system employs TAD horn fluid design technology.
In order to make the most of the linear performance of the 20cm (8.0 in.) bass driver and its suspension, the bass reflex port is aerodynamically optimized based on precise fluid design technology refined by TAD professionals. This flare-shaped port produces absolutely no air noise or rectification effects, even when the bass driver unit is driven at the limit of its excursion range, achieving deep, clear bass.



The TAD Compact Reference employs strictly selected materials and parts, many inherited from the TAD Reference One
- Isolated bass, midrange and treble crossover networks eliminate electrical and magnetic interactions.
- Rear terminal panel is made of 27mm (1 in.) thick aluminum to act as a heat sink for the network.
- Custom-made parts include air-core coils, non-inductive resistors and PP film capacitors.
- Large custom-machined speaker terminals have thick gold plating to ensure reliable connections.
- All wiring is carefully routed away from magnetic parts to prevent degradation of sound quality due to magnetic distortion.
- Not only the speaker system itself, but also the drive units are subject to strict quality control based on serial numbers.


Model TAD-CR1
Three-way bass reflex compact speaker
Driver units
Bass: 20cm (8.0 in.) driver
Midrange/Tweeter: concentric 16cm (6.5 in.) cone/3.5cm (1.4 in.) dome
Performance Data
Frequency response: 32Hz to 100kHz
Crossover frequencies: 250Hz and 2kHz
Appropriate amplifier power: 50W to 200W
Sensitivity: 86dB (2.83V @ 1m free space)
Nominal impedance: 4 ohms
Physical Data
Weight: 46kg (101 lbs.)
Dimensions: 341mm (13.4 in.) (W) × 628mm (24.8 in.) (H) × 444mm (17.5 in.) (D)
Accessories
Accessory kit: cleaning cloth, shorting links × 2, cone spikes × 3, round spikes × 3, spike holders × 3, cork sheets × 3, owners manual




B & W CDM 1SE

CDM 1SE

Stand - mount/Bookshelf loudspeaker system


Braced cabinet construction dramatically reduces cabinet resonance by adding the twin

virtues of strength and rigidity to the cabinet walls. Gold-plated terminals permit bi-wiring

or bi-amplification.

Having the tweeter separate from the main cabinet readily allows it to be set back and

time aligned with the acoustic centre of the bass/midrange cone, which is located behind

the plane of the front baffle, and minimises the effects of diffraction from the cabinet edges.

This results in improved imaging and coherence

Technical highlight

B&W's Tweeter on top technology ensures that the sound remains focused

and time-sensitive and that the stereo image is presented with unparalleled

three dimensional accuracy.

Kevlar®: B&W developed and patented the method of using Kevlar® fo

loudspeaker cones to reduce unwanted standing waves. DuPont originally

created Kevlar® for use in bulletproof vests.

Description: 2-way 4th-order vented-box system

Drive units:

1x 165mm (6½ in) woven Kevlar®cone bass/midrange

1x 25mm (1in) alloy dome high-frequency

F requency range: -6 dB at 46 Hz and 30 kHz

F requency response: 58 Hz – 20 kHz ±3 dB on reference axis

Dispersion:

Within 2dB of response onreference axis

Horizontal: over 40° arc

Vertical: over 10° arc

Sensitivity: 88 dB spl (2.83V, 1m)

Harmonic distortion: 2nd & 3rd harmonics < 1% 100 Hz – 20 kHz (90 dB spl, 1 m)

Nominal impedance: 8 W (minimum 4.5 W)

C rossover frequency: 3 kHz

Power handling: 30W – 120W continuous into 8W on unclipped programme

Max. recommended cable impedance: 0 . 3 W

Dimensions:

Height : 370 mm (14 in)

Width : 220 mm (8 in)

Depth : 274 mm (10 in)

Net Weight: 7.0 kg (15.4 lb)

B & W CDM 2SE

CDM 2SE

Stand - mount/Bookshelf loudspeaker system


The CDM 2SE is ideal for the smaller room, as it offers superb sound from a compact

enclosure.

An integral part of the CDM 2SE is the use of rounded baffle edges, which reduce the

effect known as diffraction. In normal cabinet construction, sound waves from the drive units

radiate toward both the listener and the cabinet edges. If the sound waves meet sharp

edges, they re-radiate towards the listener and, due to time delay, interfere with and blur

the sound coming directly from the drive unit. Rounding the edges reduces this time

smearing, giving you the listener a clearer sound and better defined stereo image.

Technical highlights

Kevlar®: B&W developed and patented the method of using Kevlar® for

loudspeaker cones to reduce unwanted standing waves. DuPont originally

created Kevlar® for use in bulletproof vests.

Description: 2-way 4th-order vented-box system

Drive units:

1x 165mm (6½ in) woven Kevlar®cone bass/midrange

1x 25mm (1in) alloy dome high-frequency

F requency range: -6 dB at 51 Hz and 30 kHz

F requency response: 65 Hz – 20 kHz ±3 dB on reference axis

Dispersion:

Within 2 dB of response onreference axis

Horizontal: over 40° arc

Vertical: over 10° arc

Sensitivity: 87 dB spl (2.83V, 1m)

Harmonic distortion: 2nd & 3rd harmonics < 1% 100 Hz – 20 kHz (90 dB spl, 1 m)

Nominal impedance: 8 W (minimum 4.5 W)

C rossover frequency: 3 kHz

Power handling: 30 W – 120 W continuous into 8W on unclipped programme

Max. recommended cable impedance: 0.3 W

Dimensions:

Height : 316 mm (12¼ in)

Width : 220 mm (8 in)

Depth : 242 mm (9½ in)

Net Weight: 7.0 kg (15.4 lb)

B & W CDM 7SE

CDM 7SE

Floor-standing loudspeaker system


The CDM 7SE has an additional paper/Kevlar® bass driver which delivers a fast bass

response.

The technology has been advanced even further in the CDM 7SE. The bass units now

feature dispersion modifiers in the centre of the voice coils. Replacing the normal dust

caps, these improve dispersion in the mid frequencies and give better integration between

the drive units, resulting in greater detail and dynamics.

The crossover boards incorporate tweeter filters, maximising the benefits of bi-wiring. The

stunning aesthetics hide a simple fact that the panoramic, studio quality sound delivered by

these speakers is rarely equalled.

Technical highlights

Tweeter on top: B&W's Tweeter on top technology ensures that the sound

remains focused and time-sensitive and that the stereo-image is presented with

unparalleled three dimensional accuracy.

Kevlar®: B&W developed and patented the method of using Kevlar® for

loudspeaker cones to reduce unwanted standing waves. DuPont originally

created Kevlar® for use in bulletproof vests.

Description: 3-way 4th-order vented-box system

Drive units:

1x 165mm (6½ in) Paper/Kevlar®fibre cone bass

1x 165mm (6½in) woven Kevlar®cone bass/midrange

1x 26mm (1in) metal dome high-frequency

Frequency range: -6 dB at 30 Hz and 30 kHz

Frequency response: 40 Hz – 20kHz ± 3 dB on reference axis

Dispersion:

Within 2 dB of response on reference axis

Horizontal: over 40° arc

Vertical: over 10° arc

Sensitivity: 90 dB spl (2.83 V, 1 m)

Harmonic distortion: 2nd & 3rd harmonics < 1% 45 Hz – 20 kHz (90dB spl, 1 m)

Nominal impedance: 8 Ω (minimum 4 Ω)

Crossover frequencies: 150 Hz, 3 kHz

Power handling: 30 W – 150 W continuous into 8 Ω on unclipped programme

Max. recommended cable impedance: 0.2 Ω

Dimensions:

Height: 950 mm (37 in)

Width: 220 mm (8 in)

Depth: 290 mm (11 in)

Net Weight: 18.5 kg (40.7 lb)

Finishes:

Cabinet: Real wood veneers of black ash, red ash or cherry.

Grille: Black cloth

Audio Analogue Crescendo Tuner/USBDAC

The Crescendo Tuner/USBDAC is an extremely interesting and innovative product. It is not just a Tuner but also includes an entire high performance USBDAC section. The Crescendo Tuner/USBDAC can be seen as two different audio sources combined in a single piece of equipment, each source corresponding to a different working mode: Tuner Mode and USBDAC Mode.

The specific circuits for each mode are completely separated physically and just one section at a time is supplied, according to the selected mode (This avoids any kind of interference between the two signal paths). Instead, the analogue output stage is the same for both of the modes. Everything has been realized according to the well known Audio Analogue experience. The power supply is based on a toroidal transformer and each section has its own voltage regulator stage.

The tuner is based on a high performance circuit already used by Audio Analogue on its tuner products. The whole tuner section has been realized in a metallic separated box to shield the RF interference and a special buffer stage has been put between the tuner section and the output stage to further decrease the RF noise.

The USBDAC section is composed by a dedicated section which, working on the USB data, supplies a SPDIF digital audio signal. The digital audio signal is then converted into an analogue one by a high performance DA section composed by: a 96 KHz/24Bit, very low recovered system clock Burr Brown receiver (residual jitter less than 50ps!) and a 24 Bit/192KHz Enhanced Multilevel Delta Sigma architecture DAC (The conversion circuit is placed on a separated board to avoid any high frequency disturbance on the audio signal).

The Crescendo Tuner/USBDAC is controlled by a microcontroller and both the switches on the front board and the remote switches have different functions depending on the mode the unit is working on. The Crescendo Tuner/USBDAC has a very reliable low emission display to not interfere with the audio signals.

All the components, passive and active have been chosen considering their electrical characteristics and sound performance too.

The USBDAC permits you to connect the Hi-Fi system to the PC or MAC via a USB connection. In this way the PC/MAC sees the Hi-Fi system as its audio board and everything which is played on the PC/MAC is reproduced by the Hi-Fi System. This opens up a wide spread of possibilities which we think will be soon appreciated by every, also “old style”, audiophile:

• Listening to tracks in any format (MP3, WMA, FLAC, APE and so on…..) which you have in your PC via a software player. In such cases, according to the player, you can also control the PC (Next track, Previous track, Play, Stop, Pause) by the Crescendo Tuner/USBDAC front switches or remote.

• Listening to an on-streaming tuner. On the web there are a lot of tuner stations which transmit on-streaming, so a lot of stations from everywhere in the word can be listened to.

• Listening to audio movie tracks which are playing on the PC.

The Crescendo Tuner/USBDAC has also a SPDIF Out which can be sent to an external DA converter.

The Crescendo Tuner/USBDAC has both the Trigger In and Trigger Out connections so it can be switched on/off by another unit of the chain and also can switch on/off another unit of the audio chain.


SPECIFICATIONS TUNER MODE

Output Level

FM: 500 - 700mV

AM: 115 - 215mV

Image Rejection

FM: 70 dB min.

AM: >40 dB min.

Auto Stop Sens

FM: 18 - 28 dBu

AM: 45 - 65 dBu

Usable Sens

FM: 12 dBu max

AM: 60 dBu max

Frequency

FM: 87,5MHz - 108MHz

AM: 567KHz - 1,6MHz

Noise Level (0Hz - 20KHz): -120 dB

Signal/Noise Ratio (20Hz - 20KHz) FM: 60 dB min

Signal/Noise Ratio(20Hz - 20KHz) AM: 40 dB min

SPECIFICATIONS USBDAC MODE

Output Level (Maximum rms voltage output value): 2,00

Noise Level (Attenuation 0dB, -3dB band, 1Vrms output): -120 dB

PARAMETERS

Power Requirements: 115 - 220 - 230 - 240 V, 50/60 Hz

Power Consumption: 12 VA

Dimensions (H x W x D): 2,9 x 8,3 x 14,4 "

Weight: 9,9 Lbs

SME 3009 & 3012

SME precision pick-up arms offer a standard of design and engineering which has earned them many distinctions. Throughout the world thousands are in daily use by enthusiasts, profesionals, broadcasting and recording companies, who appreciate a specification that is eminently suited to the needs of modern high quality sound reproduction.

The realism and clarity of a stereo record reflect the skill and technical perfection underlying its manufacture. Only when this is maintained in the reproducing equipment can justice be done to the art of the recording engineers. In playing a gramophone record the stylus must follow a path of extraordinary complexity and be highly compliant if the minute detail of the groove is to be traced without damage. Even the best cartridge cannot achieve this unless it is poised free from extraneous influences. The design of a carrying arm capable of realizing the full potential of pick-up and record is highly specialized involving many problems. These have been successfully resolved in the SME, an instrument of unrivalled quality presented with confidence that the user will endorse the claim "The best pick-up arm in the world"

Two models are made, 3009 and 3012, pivot to stylus distance 9 and 12 inches respectively. The most popular is the 3009 because it can be accommodated in a smaller space. It is also lighter and for this reason sometimes preferred for a very high compliance cartridge. However, the 3012 is also suitable in this respect as the effective mass is not greatly different and is further reduced by an improved dynamic damping system now fitted. Tracking error is lower which is an advantege, especially when using an elliptical stylus.

Extremely low pivot friction is achieved by the use of high precision ball races protected against the entry of dust. The tonearm is carried on knifeedge bearings. Approximately ,020 gramme applied at the stylus will deflect the arm vertically or laterally. The bearings never require adjustment.

Low inertia. This is as important as low friction and must be considered with it. Careful design of the balance system and choice of material for tone arm and shell keep inertia suitably low in either model for high compliance cartridges.

Low distortion due to tracking error is provided by geometry which aims at lowest distortion rather than lowest tracking error. Intermodulation distortion due to the latter varies in inverse proportion to the radius. Thus an error of ½° at 2" radius would cause as much distortion as 1½° at 6" radius. Speedy and accurate adjustment for optimum tracking is made as shown opposite.

lever operated hydraulic raising and lowering control effective anywhere over the record giving automatic controlled descent-fascinating to use-safeguards valuable records.

Bias adjuster. The working of this important feature is explained opposite. The SME system is functional and adjustable for different tracking forces. Its simplicity ensures long term stability not otherwise obtained.

Cartridges weighing from 3 to 17 grammes can be balanced longitudinally and laterally. The arm is, itself, a precision balance and a predetermined tracking force of ¼ to 5 grammes can be applied exactly. No gauge is required and accuracy exceeds by far any but professional measuring devices.

The 4' miniature co-axial connecting lead has a capacity of only 27 pf. per foot ensuring that electrical resonance with cartridge inductance will be well outside the audio range. Terminated at one end to fit the shielded output socket under the arm and with SME Precision Phono Plugs at the other. Other lengths, 2' and 6' are available.

Shell accepts all cartridges with ½" fixing centres. Includes connecting tails with pin jacks, finger lift and light alloy mounting hardware. Weighs only 6 grammes and offers a valuable reduction in mass at the point of greatest effect.

Dynamic damping of the arm mass-stylus compliance resonance is obtained by dividing the arm mass into two portions joined by an elastic coupling of improved design. This system is also effective in rejecting rumble frequencies.

Camera finish in satin-chrome gun-black and anodised alloy. All parts precision machined, heat-treated and ground where necessary.

Rational development. Time to time improvements can by incorporated in earlier Series II arms.

Efficient after sales service and technical advice from the factory.

Specifications SME 3009, (3012)

Nominal lenght, pivot-stylus (dependent on cartridge): 9", (12")

Distance required between turntable surface and cabinet lid: 1" , (1")

Distance required below top surface of motor board: 3" , (3")

Height adjustment: ¾" , (¾")

Trcking adjustment: ±½" , (±½")

Shipping carton size: 11" x 4" x 7" , (15½" x 4" x 7")

Gross weight in carton: 1 lb 12½ oz , (2 lb 1 oz)

Pioneer P-D1 (1983)


The P-D1 Compact Disc Player: Proof of Pioneer leadership in laser and audio technology.
The Compact Disc represents a radical departure from conventional analogue forms of music reproduction. The sound quality of a CD player relies on more than just the digital circuity. Analogue circuitry - a series of stages after the D/A converter - handles music in its original analogue audioform. 
The very best analogue technology is needed to ensure that distortion does not creep in at this final stage. That's why for the P-D1, we,ve used our finest audio circuitry built around select parts such as our polypropylene capacitors. Pioneer's unmatched reputation for excellence in analogue audio technology is your guarantee of incomparable sound quality.


Pioneer microelectronics
When the CD player reads the microscopic pits that store musical information, it must do so at high speed and with perfect accuracy. To keep the pickup on track. We’ve  used three sophisticated servo systems -  a focus servo, a tracking servo and a spindle servo.
The focus servo keeps the laser beam focused on the reflective surface of the CD by moving the objective lens toward or away the focus of the laser beam to follow  the centre line of a track by monitoring adjacent tracks. The spindle servo keeps the linear velocity of the disc constant by continuously adjusting the speed of the spindle motor.
All of this advanced Pioneer electronics ensures the tracking remains smooth, precise and free of transfer error.

Best quality audio circuitry
The sound quality of a CD player relies on more than just the digital circuitry. Analogue circuitry - a series of stages after the D/A converter - handles music in its original analogue audio  form. The very best analogue technology is needed to ensure that distortion does not creep in at this final stage. That's why for the P-D1, we've used our finest audio circuitry, built around select parts such as out polypropylene capacitors. Pioneer's unmatched reputation for excellence in analogue audio technology is your guarantee of incomparable sound quality.


Super Specifications
You have to hear the sound of the Compact Disc System to believe it. Noise and distortion are, for all practical purposes. Nonexistent. Frequency response and channel separation are dramatically increased. Dynamic range is a 50% improvement over conventional analogue systems, very nearly reproducing the dynamics of a live performance. The specifications are nothing short of electrifying:
Dynamic range is over 90 dB
Signal-to-Noise ratio is better than 90 dB
Harmonic distortion is less than 0,006%
Channel separation is greater than 90 dB
Frequency Response is flat within ±0,5 dB from 5 Hz to 20 kHz
Wow and flutter are unmeasurable by state-of-the-art.  Instrumentation

Convenient features of the P-D1
In addition to musical information, a Compact Disc contains a digitally- encoded table of contents  and indexes for instant cueing. This makes possible the following convenient functions:
Random Search - lest you start playback from any desired point on a disc. Select by means of specific track (selection) or by means of elapsed time ( from start of the track)
Phrase Play - when a phrase number is entered playback starts automatically from the beginning of any phrase within a single track.
Skip - lest you backtrack to the beginning of the current track (selection) or skip ahead to the next one.
Index Scan - lets you hear the first 7 seconds of every track (selection) on a disc in succession
Music Repeat/One-Side Repeat - permit repeat of any track (selection) and repeat of the whole side of a disc, respectively.
Programmed Function - lets you hear any number of tracks (selection) up to 16 in any order you desire.
Status Indications - when the Total key is touched, the total number and total play  time of selections you have programmed are displayed. Touch the "PGM Check" key to find out the track number of the current selection and the total time of selections yet to be played.

P-D1 Specifications
Audio Section
Frequency response: 5 - 20,000 Hz ±0,5 dB
Signal-to-noise ratio: more than 90 dB
Dynamic range: more than 90 dB
Channel separation: more than 90dB (1 kHz)
Wow and Flutter: unmeasurable (dependent on accuracy of crystal oscilator)
Distortion: less than 0,006% (1 kHz, 0 dB)
Output voltage: 190 mV ( 1 kHz, -20 dB)
Number of channels: 2 (stereo)
General
System: Compact Disc Digital Audio System
Disc
Diameter: 120 mm
Thickness: 1,2 mm
Playing time: over 60 minutes
Scanning velocity: 1,2 - 1,4 m/sec.
Rotation: Counterclockwise
Signal format
Sampling frequency: 44,1 kHz
Quantisation: 16 bits linear/channel
Transfer bit rate: 4.321 M bits/sec.
Modulation system: EFM
Error correction: CIRC system
Pre-emphasis: 50/15µsec
Pickup laser: Semiconductor laser; wavelenght 0,78µm
Power requirements: 220/240 V 50/60 Hz
Power consumption: 46 watts
Dimensions (W x H x D): 420 x 140 x 330 mm (16-9/16 x 5-1/2 x 13 inches)
Weight: 12,1 kg (26 lbs. 11 oz.)
Functions
Play / Pause / index Scan / Repeat / Skip / Time Display /Pharse Dispay / Time Search / Pharse Search / Programmed Playback / Programme Check / Total Time Display

Yamaha PX-2 and PX-3

Yamaha PX-3
Natural Sound Linear Tracking Turntable
Yamaha technology allows the PX-3 to take full advantage of the linear tracking design to deliver truly natural music reproduction. The Yamaha linear tracking system virtually eliminates tracking error and inside force for greatly reduced distortion, minimum crosstalk, and exceptional stereo imaging. Like the PX-2, the PX-3 also incorporates a straight perfectly symmetrical, optimum mass tonearm and quartz-lock PLL-servodirect drive system. This turntable is a pleasure to operate, as well, thanks to a specially developed Yamaha logic LSI which provides extensive control convenience and flexibility. Operation is fully automatic, with two-speed tonearm positioning and repead capabilities also included.

Specifications:
Tonearm Section
Arm Type:  Linear tracking arm
Servo System:  Photo-electric tracking sensor plus servo motor
Total length:  236 mm (9=9/32")
Effective Length:  190 mm (7-15/32")
Tracking Force Device:  Static balance type sliding weight system 0 - 2,5 g , in 0,1g steps
Effective mass:  proportional type to tracking force 17,0 g (when tracking force 1,5 g) in cartridge-less state
Applicable Cartridge Weight Range:  0,5 - 11 g (using sub-weights) 10 - 16 g
Maximum Horizontal Tracking Error Angle:  ± 0,15°
Arm Lifter:  Oil damp type cueing
Adjustable Range of Arm height:  ±4,0 mm
Headshell:  Pure, forged aluminum (Plug-in conforming to EIA Standards )
Headshell Weight:  8,0 g
PU Cable:  Neglex 2496 Low-impedance, double cylindrical cord
Capacitance :  130 pF
Resistance:  1 Ω
Cartridge:  replaceable ( non provided)
Rotary Section
Motor:  DC, 4-phase, 8-pole coreless Hall motor
Drive System:  Drirect-drive
Servo System:  Quartz PLL
F.G. :  Total circumference integrating type
Speed (with Lock Indicator):  33-1/3, and 45 r.p.m.
Platter:  300 mm (12")  diameter, aluminum die-cast
Platter Weight:  1,6 kg (3,8 lbs) including rubber mat
Moment of Inertia:  210 kg/cm² (including rubber mat)
External Design
Cabinet:  BMC (Bulk Molding Compound)
Dust Cover:  Acrylic, 4 mm thick, weighing 1,1 kg. Front operating type
Hinges:  Detacgable type
Insulator:  Combination of spring-and-rubber type with height adjustment
Control Section
Automatic Functions:
Auto-Lead-In
Auto-Return
Auto-Repeat
Auto-Cut
Auto-Up (During Power-OFF)
Size Selector:  17/30 cm (7"/12")
Manual Functions:  Arm-Up; Arm-down; Left & Right 2-speed feeding
General
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  77 dB (IEC 98A weighted)
Wow and Flutter:  0,015% WRMS (FG direct)
Power Supply/Consumption
USA, Canda : 120 V AC, 60 Hz / 27 W
Europe :  220 V AC, 50 Hz / 27 W
Australia, British :  240 V AC, 50 Hz / 27 W
General Model :  110/120/220/240 V AC, 50/60 Hz
Dimensions (W x H x D) :  469 x 149 x 428 mm (18-1/2" x 5-7/8" x 16-27/32")
Weight:  12 kg (26,4 lbs)





Yamaha PX-2
Natural Sound Linear Tracking Turntable

The PX-2 employs a highly sophisticated linear tracking mechanism which enablos it to actually achieve the linear tracking ideal: precisely recreating the movement of the head which originally cut the record. Truly accurate, faithful sound reproduction has finally become possible. This mechanism, combined with yamaha's symmetrically balanced, optimum mass, straight tonearm and quartz-lock PLL-servo direct drive system, provides unparalleled turntable performance. Operating convenience is also far above average, with two-speed tonearm positioning, one-touch disc size selection/play initiation, repet function, and IC logic controls.


Turntable (Rotary) Section
Drive System:  Quartz PLL/FG (Full Periphery Integration) Servo with Electronic Braking, Drirect-drive
Motor:   4-phase, 8-pole Coreless DC Hall-Effect motor
Servo System:  Quartz PLL
Speeds:  33-1/3, and 45 r.p.m.
Platter:  310 mm (12-1/2")  diameter, aluminum diecast
Platter Weight:  2,1 kg (4 lbs, 10 oz) including rubber mat
Moment of Inertia:  270 kg/cm² (including rubber mat)
General
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  80 dB (DIN B / IEC 98A weighted)
Wow and Flutter:  0,01% WRMS (FG direct)
Power Supply/Consumption
USA, Canda : 120 V AC, 60 Hz / 25 W
Europe :  220 V AC, 50 Hz / 25 W
Australia, British :  240 V AC, 50 Hz / 25 W
General Model :  110/120/220/240 V AC, 50/60 Hz  / 25W
Dimensions (W x H x D) :  493 x 156 x 428 mm (19-3/8" x 6-1/8" x 16-7/8")
Weight:  17 kg (37 lbs 8 oz)